The fungal infection of the foundation is about half of the nail diseases and is quite common in modern society.
In most cases, onychomycosis affects the nails on the feet, so the disease is not noticed immediately, but at the stage of clear symptoms.This is an infectious disease that can manifest not only for cosmetic defects, but also for violations of the immune system, and even the digestive tract.Nail mushrooms cannot be underestimated, its treatment must be promptly under the control of an experienced doctor.
Causes of fungal infection
The cause of the infection of the foundation is usually three types of mushrooms: dermatophytes, mushrooms like yeast and mold.The most common in moderate climate, onychomycosis is caused by the microorganisms of Trichophyton rubbrum (Trichophyte Red) - 70% of cases of mushrooms and trichophyton mentagrophytes (trichophyton of Inter -down) - 20% of diagnostic.
You may be infected with onychomycosis in popular places such as swimming pool, sauna, bathroom, when wearing other people's socks and even at a toenail.
In addition, some people tend to have this disease due to various diseases.Among such pathologies, immunosuppressive states are distinguished related to HIV infection or chronic treatment with immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation, or with some autoimmune diseases.
Despite the fact that onychomycosis is not treated as an infectious disease, most patients do not recognize their changes in nail disease, so they often switch to helping medical in advanced cases.And, by the way, ignoring this disease can lead to loss of nails and infection to the surrounding skin.
How the disease shows
Typically, infections grow on the first and/or fifth fingers of the foot (if changes affect all nails, this is often a symptom of another disease, for example, psoriasis).At first, changes affect the edge of the nail, it changes natural color to yellow brown.After the foundation, it becomes fragile and brittle, over time it changes shape and thickens.
The most typical symptoms of nail fungal infections include:
- Change the color of the nail to yellow, brown, white or black;
- thicken the foundation and the development of its fragility;
- deformation of the plate and its separation from the foundation bed;
- An unpleasant odor emitted from an infected nail;
- The formation of an inflammatory process around the nail.
At the end of the disease, the pronunciation pain in the nail may develop and even difficult to walk.
Prevention and treatment of nail mushrooms
Onychomycosis should be treated as soon as possible, because the infection tends to expand to other nails.In addition, the disease in the end of the stage leads to the destruction of the entire foundation, which will have to be removed later.
Before prescribing treatment, the doctor will definitely prescribe analytical in the laboratory, will determine the type of mushroom, the extent of damage and choose the most effective treatment.The analysis includes a material from the affected foundation and its research under a microscope.
How to treat onychomycosis?Methods and duration of infection treatment depend on many factors, including the severity of nail lesions, pathogens and related diseases.
The treatment of fungal infections usually starts by using local drugs in the form of varnishes, lotions or creams to cope well with the disease in the early stages.If changes affect more than one plate, occur for a long time, local drugs are added by anti -fungal substances to use the mouth.The doctor may prescribe drugs based on iTraconazole or Fluconazole.
In the case when onychomycosis persists, it is not treated with medication or continuous recurrence, the doctor recommends that you remove the infected foundation, thus removing infection.
Please note that onychomycosis is an infectious disease that is more likely to relapse, so you should comply with important precautions:
- Do not go barefoot in the pool, gym;
- implementing toenails in shops with high quality equipment disinfection;
- Monitor the cleanliness of the shoe;
- Wash your feet regularly;
- Answer initial symptoms, for example, a change in color of the nail.
Attention!The re -infection of the fungal infection is shoe, so it should throw it or disinfect it with the special means that the doctor will talk about.